Case-control is a type of epidemiological study design.
Case-control studies are used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition; by comparing subjects who have that condition (the 'cases') with patients who do not have the condition but are otherwise similar (the 'controls'). [Wikipedia]
Then all subjects are asked about their status considering some risk factor of interest.
Case–control studies are generally retrospective.
Case–control studies are commonly used when the response of interest is very rare in the population of interest.
Case-control studies are used to identify factors that may contribute to a medical condition; by comparing subjects who have that condition (the 'cases') with patients who do not have the condition but are otherwise similar (the 'controls'). [Wikipedia]
Then all subjects are asked about their status considering some risk factor of interest.
Case–control studies are generally retrospective.
Case–control studies are commonly used when the response of interest is very rare in the population of interest.
Suppose, for instance, a study involves children born with defects (cases) and those without defects (controls).
Mothers of the children with defects may be more likely to recall use of a prescription drug, since they would probably have spent more time contemplating their pregnancy than the control mothers.
Case-control studies use patients who already have a disease or other condition and look back to see if there are characteristics of these patients that differ from those who don’t have the disease. [Wikipedia]
Generally speaking, case/control studies are the weakest at determining a causal relationship, but may be the quickest and cheapest way to determine risk factors that may be then studied prospectively.
Some references explain the weaknesses and strengths of case-control studies like this:
Mothers of the children with defects may be more likely to recall use of a prescription drug, since they would probably have spent more time contemplating their pregnancy than the control mothers.
Case-control studies use patients who already have a disease or other condition and look back to see if there are characteristics of these patients that differ from those who don’t have the disease. [Wikipedia]
Generally speaking, case/control studies are the weakest at determining a causal relationship, but may be the quickest and cheapest way to determine risk factors that may be then studied prospectively.
Some references explain the weaknesses and strengths of case-control studies like this:
- Strengths of Case-Control Studies:
With enough subjects in the study and careful selection of controls, case-control studies provide a cost-effective way to study cancer.
- Weaknesses of Case-Control Studies:
Quick: list the kinds of foods you ate most often ten years ago. Like eyewitness testimony in a courtroom, case-control studies depend on our unreliable memories. In case-control studies, cases and controls may remember their past diets differently.
Some new scientific developments, such as biomarkers of dietary intake act like fingerprints of the foods we eat regularly, can help to avoid this problem
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